It consists of Frame, Suspension system, axles, wheels and tyres.
·
Frame:
There are two forms of
construction in common use
I.
The
conventional pressed steel frame to which all mechanical units are attached and
on which the body is superimposed.
II.
The
integral or frame less construction, in which body construction is designed as
to combine
the functions of body and frame.
Frame less construction has following advantages.
I.
Reduce
weight and consequent saving in fuel consumption.
II.
Lower
manufacturing cost.
III.
Reduction
of strength and durability.
IV.
Economical
only if frame less construction is adopted in mass production.
V.
Topless cars are difficult to design with
frame less construction.
·
Suspension system:
The objects of suspension are,
I.
To
prevent the road shocks from being transmitted to the vehicle components.
II.
To
safeguard the occupants from road shocks.
III.
To
preserve the stability of vehicle in pitching and rolling, while in motion.
Types of Suspension system,
I.
Conventional
System
II.
Independent
system
· Axles:
An axle is rod connecting pair in vehicle.
Types of live rear axle,
I.
Fully
floating axle
II.
Three
quarter floating axle
III.
Semi
floating type
·
Wheels:
Wheel is that has Tyre and rim and hubcap; used to propel the
car.
1. Power plant
Power plant generally
consist of internal combustion engine, which may be spark ignition or
compression ignition type.Sometimes, gas engines
also used in certain cars.Electric motors have been
used as motive power plant for automobiles. Combustion of an IC engine and
electric motor have been successfully employed in hybrid vehicles.
2. Transmission system
Transmission system consist of clutch, gear box, propeller
shaft, universal joints and differential.
· Functions of transmission system are,
I.
To
disconnect engine from road wheels when desired.
II.
To
connect engine and driving wheels without shock.
III.
To
vary the torque between engine and the driving wheels.
IV.
To
reduce the engine speed permanently in a fixed ratio.
V.
To
turn drive through a right angle.
· Main components of the transmission
system:
I.
Clutch:
Clutch is connection
between engine and transmission. When clutch is engaged between engine and
gear
box, it transmits power that is propel to vehicle. Clutch is useful for
changing gears in vehicle,
when clutch pedal pressed transmission disengage
form engine and gear can change smoothly. It’s
very useful for smooth working
of vehicle.
II.
Gear box(transmission):
Transmission means whole
mechanism of vehicle that transmits the power from the engine crankshaft
to
rear wheels. It provides suitable variation of the engine torque at road
wheels, whenever required.
3. Auxiliaries
This can be subdivided
into four systems.
- Supply system – Battery and Generator
- The starter
- The ignition system – Battery and Magneto ignition
- Ancillary devices –
I. Driving
lights
II. Signalling
III.
Other
lights
4. Controls
The control consists of following
points
· Steering system
· Breaks